Cadence Sensor

• How it Works: Measures if the pedals are moving (spinning) and at what speed (RPM).
• Functionality: It detects pedaling motion and signals the motor to provide assistance, usually at a preset level.
• Riding Experience:
• Works more like an "on/off" switch— the motor engages once you start pedaling
• Doesn’t consider how hard you’re pedaling, just that you are pedaling.
• Often results in a less natural feel, with power coming in bursts.
• Best For: Riders who prefer a simple, throttle-like assist or a more relaxed ride with minimal effort.

Torque Sensor

• How it Works: Measures how much force (torque) is applied to the pedals.
• Functionality: Adjusts motor power based on how hard you are pedaling—more force equals more assistance.
• Riding Experience:
• Provides a more natural and responsive feel, mimicking a regular bike.
• Motor assistance varies smoothly based on the rider's effort.
• Better for efficiency, range, and a more intuitive cycling experience.
• Best For: Riders who want a more natural, bike-like experience and better control over power usage.

Hub Motor

Location: Installed in the wheel hub (front or rear).
How It Works: Directly spins the wheel without using the bike's chain or gears.

Pros:

• Cheaper – More affordable than mid-drive motors.
• Low Maintenance – Doesn’t wear out the chain or gears.
• Easier to Install – Ideal for DIY e-bike conversions.
• Quiet & Smooth – Minimal moving parts mean quieter operation.

Cons:

• Less Efficient on Hills – Struggles with steep inclines.
• Imbalanced Weight – Rear-hub motors can make the bike back-heavy.
• Less Responsive – Feels more like a throttle-driven ride than a natural pedal assist.
• Harder to Fix Flats – Removing the wheel is more complex due to motor integration.

Best For:

• Flat or slightly hilly terrain.
• Budget-conscious commuters and casual riders.

Mid-Drive Motor

Location: Mounted at the bike’s bottom bracket, near the pedals.
How It Works: Transfers power through the chain, utilizing the bike’s gears for better efficiency.

Pros:

• Better Hill Climbing – Uses bike gears for optimized power and torque.
  More Natural Ride Feel – Smooth and responsive pedal assist.
• Balanced Weight – Centrally positioned for better handling.
• Higher Efficiency – Maximizes battery range for longer rides.
  
  

Cons:

• More Expensive – Costs more than hub motors.
• Increased Chain Wear – Adds strain on drivetrain components.
• More Maintenance – Requires periodic servicing.
• No Throttle (Usually) – Most mid-drive e-bikes rely on pedal assist only.
  
  

Best For:

• Steep hills and rugged terrain.
• Riders who want a natural, high-performance cycling experience.
• Long-distance and off-road cyclists.

Class 2

Pedal Assist + Throttle
 Max Speed: 20 mph (32 km/h)
 Motor Activation: Works with or without pedaling (via throttle)
 Where You Can Ride: Same as Class 1, but some trails may restrict throttle use